Approximation and Estimation

Chapter 3 Study Notes

Section 2 of 7
Contents

3.1Rounding Off Whole Numbers and Decimals

Rounding whole numbers

  1. Identify the digit in the required place (tens, hundreds, thousands, etc.).
  2. Examine the next digit on the right.
  3. If it is 5 or more, round up. If it is less than 5, round down.
  4. Replace all digits to the right with zeros.
  5. Always say how far you rounded, as in 9.659.65 (to 1 d.p.). Write it with ==; the bracket is the part that must never be missing.

Rounding a population figure

Singapore's population in 2023 was 5 917 600. Round this to the nearest 100 000.

Show solution
The digit in the hundred-thousands place is 99.
The next digit is 11 (less than 5), so round down.
5917600=59000005\,917\,600 = 5\,900\,000 (to the nearest 100000100\,000).

Now you try

A question on this, marked as you go, with the working shown. No account needed.

Try this question →

Rounding decimals

To round to a given number of decimal places, look at the FIRST digit you are dropping.

Rounding a measurement

A plank of wood is measured as 3.27493.2749 m. Round this to 2 decimal places.

Show solution
The digit in the hundredths place is 77.
The next digit is 44 (less than 5), so round down.
3.2749=3.273.2749 = 3.27 m (to 2 d.p.).

Now you try

A question on this, marked as you go, with the working shown. No account needed.

Try this question →

Practise this

Questions on Approximation and Estimation, marked as you go, with the working shown.

Practise Approximation and Estimation